1: Photons travel alongside the Tetrahedral vacuum lattice of Fluxtubes with regular speeds influenced by the fluxtubes and nodes between them.
2; Gluons are free photons produced by transformation of fluxtube particles ( Axions and Photons) collision with spinning free Fermions.
3; Axions are primordial fluxtube particles forming the vacuum lattice. Q-FFF Theory says: Axions have the form of a Torus with three hinges and one splitting point.