Ghost Intracluster light. the origin of GABHs distribution of older GABHs (1e, 2e, 3e etc.) of galaxies, and even between Galaxy clusters.
These dwarfs collect old stars by so called " vacuum polarization"points between old GABHs and not around single Ball Cluster black holes. According to Q-FFF Theory.
Primordial Black Holes (Big Bang) and Dual Herbig Haro Effects for Star-Galaxy Formation. see: https://vixra.org/pdf/2101.0158v1.pdf
Hubble finds that ghost light among galaxies stretches far back in time. see: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/01/230104135620.htm
In giant clusters of hundreds or thousands of galaxies, innumerable stars wander among the galaxies like lost souls, emitting a ghostly haze of light. These stars are not gravitationally tied to any one galaxy in a cluster.How did the stars get so scattered throughout the cluster in the first place? Several competing theories include the possibility that the stars were stripped out of a cluster's galaxies, or they were tossed around after mergers of galaxies, or they were present early in a cluster's formative years many billions of years ago
OR:
The TRGB Distance to the Second Galaxy “Missing Dark Matter”: Evidence for Two Groups of Galaxies at 13.5 and 19Mpc in the Line of Sight of NGC 1052
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2fd2/pdf
In between these GABHs we may expect so called Vacuum Focus-points, just as the focus points between the original GABHs, forming now the Centre of the main galaxy like our galaxy.(below)
See below, the yellow stars in between GABHs ( more dwarfs, by more GABHs. polarizing the vacuum between them. like dual Herbig Haro jet systems do for single star formation in between them.)
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Below, the scheme of merging primary Herbig Haro Galaxies of different sizes. (GABHs: 1e, 2e, 3e etc)
