The Q-FFF Theory's conclusion: Black Holes seem to be the creators of the Treads of Nissing Matter. left behind and the Cosmic web.
This image shows the new filament, which connects four galaxy clusters: two on one end, two on the other. These clusters are visible as bright spots at the bottom and top of the filament (four white dots encircled by color). A mottled band of purple stretches between these bright dots, standing out brightly against the black surrounding sky; this is the filament of X-ray-emitting hot gas that had not been seen before, and contains a chunk of ‘missing’ matter. The purple band comprises data from Suzaku. The astronomers were able to identify and remove any possible ‘contaminating’ sources of X-rays from the filament using XMM-Newton, leaving behind a pure thread of ‘missing’ matter.
see: https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-find-universes-missing-matter/How the Filaments seem to be created from the the evaporating Splitting Tadpole Big Bang Black Holes.